@Article{GonçalvesJúniorWCEHMSLGG:2021:MoCaNi,
               author = "Gon{\c{c}}alves J{\'u}nior, S{\'e}rgio J. and Weis, Johannes 
                         and China, Swarup and Evangelista, Heitor and Harder, Tristan H. 
                         and M{\"u}ller, Simon and Sampaio, Marcelo and Laskin, Alexander 
                         and Gilles, Mary K. and Godoi, Ricardo H. M.",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal do Paran{\'a} (UFPR)} and {Lawrence 
                         Berkeley National Laboratory} and {Pacific Northwest National 
                         Laboratory} and {Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)} 
                         and {Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory} and {Lawrence Berkeley 
                         National Laboratory} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and 
                         {Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory} and {Universidade Federal 
                         do Paran{\'a} (UFPR)}",
                title = "Photochemical reactions on aerosols at West Antarctica: A 
                         molecular case-study of nitrate formation among sea salt 
                         aerosols",
              journal = "Science of the Total Environment",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "758",
                pages = "e143586",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "Antarctica aerosols, Snowpack, Photochemical reactions, Molecular 
                         speciation, Single particles, Nitrates aerosol.",
             abstract = "Environmental implications of climate change are complex and 
                         exhibit regional variations both within and between the polar 
                         regions. The increase of solar UV radiation flux over Antarctica 
                         due to stratospheric ozone depletion creates the optimal 
                         conditions for photochemical reactions on the snow. Modeling, 
                         laboratory, and indirect field studies suggest that snowpack 
                         process release gases to the atmosphere that can react on sea salt 
                         particles in remote regions such as Antarctica, modifying aerosol 
                         composition and physical properties of aerosols. Here, we present 
                         evidence of photochemical processing in West Antarctica aerosols 
                         using microscopic and chemical speciation of individual 
                         atmospheric particles. Individual aerosol particles collected at 
                         the Brazilianmodule Criosfera 1were analyzed by scanning 
                         transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge X-ray absorption fine 
                         structure spectroscopy (STXM/NEXAFS) combined with 
                         computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) with 
                         energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis. The displacement of 
                         chlorine relative to sodium was observed over most of the sea salt 
                         particles. Particles with a chemical composition consistent with 
                         NaCl-NO3 contributed up to 30% of atmospheric particles 
                         investigated. Overall, this study provides evidence that the 
                         snowpack and particulate nitrate photolysis should be considered 
                         in dynamic partition equilibrium in the troposphere. These 
                         findings may assist in reducing modeling uncertainties and present 
                         new insights into the aerosol chemical composition in the polar 
                         environment.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143586",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143586",
                 issn = "0048-9697",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "goncalves_photochemical.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}